You might actually be able to skip the PC and do some basic stuff using the waveform api in Espruino itself too if you wanted. While Espruino isn't super-fast for audio it could still measure the sound level, and even has an FFT built in so you could do a basic frequency graph.
Espruino is a JavaScript interpreter for low-power Microcontrollers. This site is both a support community for Espruino and a place to share what you are working on.
The spectrum analyser would be really cool...
You might actually be able to skip the PC and do some basic stuff using the waveform api in Espruino itself too if you wanted. While Espruino isn't super-fast for audio it could still measure the sound level, and even has an FFT built in so you could do a basic frequency graph.