Execute code/function on puck.js from another ESP board

My other ESP32 device is withing BT reach to Puck.js and I just wondered if I can make it connect to Puck.js and somehow set the time on it

You could connect, but it's a lot of work. However you could make the ESP32 advertise the time via Bluetooth Low Energy (what are you programming the ESP32 with?).

You could then use NRF.requestDevice with a filter on the Puck to find the ESP32 and read the advertising packet direct from there.