So even though it's just on it's own, it's no longer working?
How did you connect it to the battery? If you use VBAT then you should be fine. If you used the USB connector it's going to have broken one of the inputs - USB is only meant for 5v, and there's an IO pin connected to it so the Pico can tell if it's powered from USB or not. If it's happened there's still a way to get USB working, but it's not perfect.
The other option is might you have had something connected to an input that was also 12v or more? Like a PNP transistor connected to 12v?
While you can power the Pico from a high voltage, it's GPIOs will only handle 5v.
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So even though it's just on it's own, it's no longer working?
How did you connect it to the battery? If you use VBAT then you should be fine. If you used the USB connector it's going to have broken one of the inputs - USB is only meant for 5v, and there's an IO pin connected to it so the Pico can tell if it's powered from USB or not. If it's happened there's still a way to get USB working, but it's not perfect.
The other option is might you have had something connected to an input that was also 12v or more? Like a PNP transistor connected to 12v?
While you can power the Pico from a high voltage, it's GPIOs will only handle 5v.