So if you are now sure 3.3V is working, you may try to connect it directly to 3.3 pin on the board and avoid voltage regulator on MDBT42 breakout? This was the way I initially thought you might be using, didn't notice you have 3.3V source but still use 5V via MDBT42 regulator instead. This might help if MDBT42 voltage regulator is not working but nrf52 is still OK.
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So if you are now sure 3.3V is working, you may try to connect it directly to 3.3 pin on the board and avoid voltage regulator on MDBT42 breakout? This was the way I initially thought you might be using, didn't notice you have 3.3V source but still use 5V via MDBT42 regulator instead. This might help if MDBT42 voltage regulator is not working but nrf52 is still OK.